Objective To investigate the role of retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ) in mediating inhibitory effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on activator protein-1 (AP-1) activity in gastric cancer cells. Methods Transient transfection and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assay, Northern blot, gene transfection, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and anchorage-independent growth assay were used.Results Transient transfection of RARβ expression vector into MKN-45 cells resulted in the RARβ concentration-dependent repression of AP-1 activity induced by 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), regardless of the presence of ATRA. When the c-jun and c-fos expression vectors were cotransfected with the RARβ expression vector into MKN-45 cells, AP-1 activity was also obviously repressed. The inhibitory effect, again, was RARβ-concentration-dependent. The stable transfection of the RARβ gene into MKN-45 cells led to cell growth inhibition and colony formation inhibition by ATRA. Furthermore, Cotransfection of both RARβ/DNA binding domain (DBD) and reporter gene could not alter AP-1 activity, even in the presence of ATRA. However, when the cotransfection was substituted with the RARβ/ligand binding domain (LBD), the inhibition was significantly enhanced by ATRA. Conclusion RARβ might be required for anti-AP-1 activity, and contribute to growth inhibition of gastric cancer cells by ATRA.
