资源型城市对中国区域可持续发展有重要意义。然而,资源型城市普遍面临资源逐渐枯竭、产业结构单一、经济增长乏力、居民收入下降、失业率上升、生态环境恶化等问题。资源型城市转型重点在于接续替代产业的选择以实现产业结构优化,其中技术进步是推进产业转型的关键因素之一,而政府宏观调控发挥着主导作用。可计算一般均衡(Computable General Equilibrium,CGE)模型作为政策分析模型非常契合资源型城市转型问题的综合性和系统性特点,模型构建需要体现资源型城市的发展现状、主要问题、转型和发展的政策目标,主要扩展是引入资源环境税费,内生性技术进步、区域间商品和要素流动、跨行业要素流动限制和生态约束条件等,目标是为资源型城市可持续发展战略提供科学依据。
The reform in water pricing plays a critical role in agricultural production, which is believed to have great water savings potential. We consider eliminating irrigation subsidies as a simulation and conduct a comparative evaluation between the water parallel pricing system （WPPS） and the water pricing system （WPS）, which are incorporated into two computable general equilibrium （CGE） models, respectively. The results prove that, compared with WPPS, WPS would contribute higher capacities for water savings with more farming imports and less loss in farming output; households in rural and urban areas would benefit from more income and food consumption, which would be matched by increasing farming imports. A policy recommendation is that eliminating the irrigation subsidy should pay more concerns on alleviating the negative effects on farming outputs. Moreover, improvements in agricultural labor mobility and water demand elasticity are needed to enable more focus on the water conservation policy, particularly in WPS.
