Since the 1990s, surveys of bats in China have resulted in outstanding results: Three new species have been described; five new country records; and ten new provincial records have been found. Tylonycteris (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae ) includes three species, T. pachypus, T. robustula and T. pygmaeus ( a new species described by Feng et al. [ 2008 ] found in Yunnan Province). These three species all roost within internodes of bamboo. The northernmost recorded distribution of T. pachypus is at Mt. Jincheng (N30°40’, E106°18’) , Nanchong City, Sichuan Province founded by Zhou et al. (2005). In November, 2006, T. robustula was also found in Yuechi County and Nanchong City, Sichuan Province. Yuechi County (N30°46’, E106°28’; altitude 633 m) is the northernmost distribution of T. robustula recorded in the world and the first record of this species in Sichuan Province. From October to December 2007, T. robustula was found in Guizhou and Hainan Provinces, both also first provincial recordings for this species. The external measurements, morphological character, distribution, and conservation status of this species were recorded. These specimens were preserved al the Guangdong Entomological Institute, Guangzhou. We also reviewed the distributions of T. robustula in China, including Guangxi, Yunnan, Hainan, Guizhou, and Sichuan Provinces. The bamboo, which provides roosts for these three Tylonycteris sp. , is heavily used in these regions. Protection of bamboo forest habitat may ensure China’s endemic Tylonycteris sp.survival.
[Objective]The aim was to prove that the mitochondrial genes of Cyt b and 12S rRNA with different evolutional rates have effects on the topological structures of phylogenetic trees.[Method]The complete sequences of Cyt b and 12S rRNA from 15 species in 12 families of snakes were downloaded and extracted from GenBank,while their molecular phylogenetic trees were constructed by Maximum Likelihood（ML） method with GTR ＋I ＋G substitute model based on PAUP4.0 software.[Result]With the same software,methods and species,the difference in topological structures of phylogenetic trees was mainly due to different evolutional rates of Cyt b and 12S rRNA genes.[Conclusion]In studies on phylogenetic trees,aimed to different research species and purposes,phylogenetic trees should be constructed by choosing the correct and appropriate genes.
