[Objective] The aim was to research Chlorella properties in removing ni- trogen and phosphorus from wastewater. [Method] The effects of initial NH4+-N and total P concentrations, N-to-P ratios, lightJdarkness ratios and pH on the removal of NH4+-N and total P were evaluated. [Result] The results showed that Chlorella al- most removed NH4+-N and total P at 100% as initial concentrations of NH4+-N and total P were no more than 55 and 7 mg/L, respectively, whereas the removal ratio of NH4+-N decreased to 90% with initial NH4+-N concentration coming up to 75 mg/L. With N-to-P ratios of 5:1, 10:1 and 25:1, Chlorella completely removed NH4+-N within 4 d, while the removal ratio of total P reached almost 100% within 7 d, with different N-to-P ratios. With L./D ratios of 24 h: 0 h and 12 h: 12 h as well as the initial concentrations of NH4+-N at 30 mg/L and total P at 7 mg/L, the removing ra- tio of NH4+-N and total P almost achieved 100% by Chlorella, and the removing ra- tio under L/D ratio of 24 h:0 h proved much faster. The optimal pH range for Chlorella to remove NH4+-N and total P was 7-8. [Conclusion] The research pro- vides references for wastewater treatment in biological way and highly-efficient and environment-friendly treatment in future.