作为河流生态系统的水陆过渡带,河流潜流带水体交换极其频繁,持续不断的溶质输移为其内部微生物群落提供了适宜的生存环境。数量庞大、种类繁多的微生物在此区域生存和繁衍,其介导的氮、磷、碳等物质循环对河流生态健康具有重要调控作用。本文系统归纳和总结了潜流带控氮微生物的组成与功能、识别与表征的方法,分析了潜流带控氮微生物时空差异,探讨了影响潜流带控氮微生物生长和活性的主要因素。针对现有研究存在的不足,今后需重点加强潜流带控氮微生物实时监测系统构建、微生物特性与潜流带土–水–环–生多因子的关系量化、潜流带微生物群落对介导氮素转化贡献定量评估等方面的研究。As a transitional zone between water and land in river ecosystems, the water exchange in the hyporheic zone of a river is extremely frequent, and the continuous solute transport provides a suitable living environment for its internal microbial community. The large number and diverse types of microorganisms survive and reproduce in the zone, and the nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon and other material cycles mediated by them play an important regulatory role in the ecological health of a river. This article systematically summarizes the composition and function, identification and characterization methods of microorganisms controlling nitrogen cycle in the hyporheic zone of a river, analyzes their spatiotemporal differences, and discusses the main factors affecting their growth and activity. In response to the shortcomings of existing research, it is necessary to focus on strengthening research concerning the construction of a real-time monitoring system for microorganisms controlling nitrogen cycle in the hyporheic zone, the quantitative analysis of relationship between microbial characteristics and multiple factors related to soil, water, environment and biology in the hyporheic zone, and the quantitative evaluation of the
