翻译叙事交际模式（narrative communication model of translation）是德国学者Emer O’Sullivan依据Chatman（1978）的叙事结构创造而成的,她首次从叙事交际的角度将译语文本区别于源语文本,探讨小说翻译文本中译者的存在性、译语文本与源语文本的隐含读者的差异性、译者的叙事策略等问题,
Written in the form of a letter to his illegitimate son William,Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography remains one of the classics of the genre and the first American book to be taken seriously by Europeans as literature.As a work produced by an enlightened representative under the influence of the American Enlightenment,The Autobiography reflects many elements of this great movement:empiricism,deism,religious tolerance,moral philosophy,economic liberalism,republicanism,revolutionary utopianism,and so forth.However,these disparate elements interact in this work in a way that attempts to redefine the meaning of human reason.
Although passive listening （i.e., hearing language） may occur in some EFL classes through oral reading, oral presentations, or other oral forms, listening instruction is a relatively neglected skill in EFL teaching, and as a consequence, assessment of listening has received relatively limited coverage in the language testing literature. Interactive listening, based on the idea that listening is real-life communication, has been demonstrated to be a dimension of listening worth teaching. However, no successful classroom interactive listening teaching format has yet been reported, let alone assessed. Based on the models designed by previous researchers, an interactive listening teaching format was designed and trailed a university classroom intervention program in Beijing. In order to do this, it was necessary to construct an objective interactive listening assessment which could measure the listener＇s ability to： （a） negotiate meaning, and （b） to comprehend the speaker＇s messages （Macaro, 2003; Rost, 2002）. To verify its reliability and validity, a standard listening test, the types of negotiation, and selfassessment were also adopted. The results show that compared with traditional listening tests, this interactive listening assessment procedure evaluation of listeners＇ listening skills. provided a more comprehensive and objective
