Climate change and elevated atmospheric CO2 should affect the dynamics of soil organic carbon （SOC）. SOC dynamics under uncertain patterns of climate warming and elevated atmospheric CO2 as well as with different soil erosion extents at Nelson Farm during 1998-100 were simulated using stochastic modelling. Results based on numerous simulations showed that SOC decreased with elevated atmospheric temperature but increased with atmospheric CO2 concentration. Therefore, there was a counteract effect on SOC dynamics between climate warming and elevated CO2. For different soil erosion extents, warming 1℃ and elevated atmospheric CO2 resulted in SOC increase at least 15%, while warming 5 ℃ and elevated CO2 resulted in SOC decrease more than 29%. SOC predictions with uncertainty assessment were conducted for different scenarios of soil erosion, climate change, and elevated CO2. Statistically, SOC decreased linearly with the probability. SOC also decreased with time and the degree of soil erosion. For example, in 2100 with a probability of 50%, SOC was 1 617, 1 167, and 892 g m^-2, respectively, for no, minimum, and maximum soil erosion. Under climate warming 5 ℃ and elevated CO2, the soil carbon pools became a carbon source to the atmosphere （P 〉 95%）. The results suggested that stochastic modelling could be a useful tool to predict future SOC dynamics under uncertain climate change and elevated CO2.
To find new strain in the microbial fuel cell (MFC) for quinoline removal from wastewater and soil, a facultative anaerobic bacterium strain was isolated from the anode of MFC, utilizing quinoline as the carbon source and electron donor. Based on the 16S rRNA sequence analysis, the bacterium strain was Gram-negative and identified as Pseudomonas sp. Q1 according to its morphology and physiochemical properties. The strain was inoculated into a double-chambered MFC using various quinoline concentrations (0, 50, 75, 86, 100, 150, 200 and 300 mg L-1 ) combining with 300 mg L-1 glucose as the fuel. Results showed that electricity was generated from the MFC, in which quinoline was degraded simultaneously. The values of Coulombic efficiency (CE) increased with the increase of quinoline concentrations from 0 to 100 mg L-1 then decreased with the increase of quinoline concentration from 100 to 300 mg L-1 , and the maximum CE 36.7% was obtained at the quinoline concentration of 100 mg L-1 . The cyclic voltammetry analysis suggested that the mechanism of electron transfer was through excreting mediators produced by the strain Q1. The MFC should be a potential method for the treatment of quinoline-contaminated water and soil.
The aim of this study was to investigate the benthic bacterial communities in different depths of an urban river sediment accumulated with high concentrations of nutrients and metals. Vertical distributions of bacterial operational taxonomic units （OTUs） and chemical para- meters （nutrients： NH4＋, NO3, dissolved organic carbon, and acid volatile sulfur; metals： Fe, Zn, and Cu） were characterized in 30 cm sediment cores. The bacterial OTUs were measured using the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Biodiversity indexes and multivariate statistical analyses were used to characterize the spatial distributions of microbial diversity in response to the environmental parameters. Results showed that concentrations of the nutrients and metals in this river sediment were higher than those in similar studies. Furthermore, high microbial richness and diversity appeared in the sediment. The diversity did not vary obviously in the whole sediment profile. The change of the diversity indexes and the affiliations of the OTUs showed that the top layer had different bacterial community structure from deeper layers due to the hydrological disturbance and redox change in the surface sediment. The dominant bacterial OTUs ubiquitously existed in the deeper sediment layers （5-27 cm） corresponding to the distributions of the nutrients and metals. With much higher diversity than the dominant OTUs, the minor bacterial assemblages varied with depths, which might be affected by the sedimentation process and the environmental competition pressure.
Xunan YANG Shan HUANG Qunhe WU Renduo ZHANG Guangli LIU
