Quantum coherence is an important enabling feature underpinning quantum computation. However, because of couplings with its noisy surrounding environment, qubits suffer from the decoherence effects. The dynamical decoupling (DD) technique uses pulse-induced qubit flips to effectively mitigate couplings between qubits and environment. Optimal DD eliminates dephasing up to a given order with the minimum number of pulses. In this paper, we first introduce our recent work on prolonging electron spin coherence in γ-irradiated malonic acid crystals and analyze different decoherence mechanisms in this solid system. Then we focus on electron spin relaxation properties in another system, phosphorous-doped silicon (Si:P) crystals. These properties have been investigated by pulse electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). We also investigate the performance of the dynamical decoupling technique on this system. Using 8-pulse periodic DD, the coherence time can be extended to 296 μs compared with 112 μs with one-pulse control.
RONG XingWANG YaYANG JiaHuiZHU JinXianXU WanJieFENG PengBoWEN XuJieSU JiHuDU JiangFeng
在绿色植物的放氧光合作用过程中,每个反应周期(即S态循环)都有两个底物水分子被氧化,释放出四个质子和四个电子,并最终释放一个氧气分子,这种化学反应机制维持着地球上的各种需氧生命活动。目前,人们已经清楚地知道,这个生物催化过程是由光系统Ⅱ(photosystemⅡ,PSⅡ)中一个无机簇状结构(即锰簇Mn4O5Ca)催化完成的。然而,这两个底物水分子是在此反应同期的什么时候、什么地方、以什么方式结合到锰簇上的,目前仍旧是一个谜团。在探讨此问题的很多实验研究中,人们常用脉冲电子顺磁共振(electron paramagnetic resonance,EPR)波谱学方法,探测底物水分子在反应中间氧化态S2态锰簇中的结合方式和结合位点,即依据超精细耦合常数的大小来判断未成对电子与磁性核的距离。基于此前的实验数据和文献报道,EPR理论模拟的结果显示,中间S2态锰簇上仅仅可容纳一个可发生置换的底物水,并且已经发生完全去质子化。这个结合水可能就是研究人员使用时间分辨薄膜进样质谱(membrane-inlet mass spectrometry,MIMS)检测到的强磁性耦合氧。此结果排除了源自强磁性耦合14N信号的干扰。因此,理论和实验结果均说明,另一个底物水是在锰簇由S2态氧化到更高中间态S3态的过程中结合到锰簇上的,并最终参与了O2分子的形成。
This paper theoretically investigates the coherent phase control in electron-argon scattering assisted by a bichro- matic laser field. The laser field is composed of a fundamental component and its second harmonic. The incoming and out going states of electron are described by the Volkov wave functions, and the electron-target interaction is treated as a screening potential. Numerical results for differential cross section of multiphoton processes vs the phase difference between the two components of laser field are discussed for several scattering angles and impact energies.
As a counterexample of the Euler condition for nonholonomic constraint problems [H. C. Shen, Acta Phys. Sin. 54, 2468 （2005）], we investigate the Apell-Hamel dynamical system on a horizontally moving plate. The inconsistency of the results with Newton mechanics suggests that the Euler condition is not a universal model for nonlinear nonholonomic systems. This is attributed to the fact that the virtual displacements so obtained are not normal to the constraint forces.
