A chemical model,based on Pitzer activity coefficient model,is developed with a speciation approach to describe the solubility and chemistry of nesquehonite in concentrated chloride solutions.The chemical equilibrium constants for nesquehonite and aqueous species,i.e.0 3 MgCO,3 MgHCO,and MgOH +,are precisely calculated as a function of temperature according to the Van't Hoff equation by use of standard Gibbs free energy,standard formation enthalpy and heat capacity.The most recent solubility data are regressed to obtain new Pitzer parameters with good agreement.The predictive ability of the new model is improved significantly in comparison with previous models.The behavior of speciation chemistry for nesquehonite in various chloride media is explained through this modeling work on the basis of the 2 3 Mg /CO bearing species distribution,activity coefficient and pH changes.
The synthesis of Friedel＇s salt （FS： 3CaO·Al2O3·CaCl2·10H2O） by the reaction of calcium chloride with sodium aluminate was investigated. Factors affecting the preparation of Friedel＇s salt, such as reaction temperature, initial concentration, titration speed, aging time and molar Ca/Al ratio were studied in detail. XRD, SEM images and particle size distribution show that the reaction temperature, aging time and molar Ca/Al ratio have significant effect on the composition, crystal morphology, and average particle size of the obtained samples. In addition, the initial CaCl2 concentration and NaAlO2 titration speed do not significantly influence the morphology and particle size distribution of Friedel＇s salt. With the optimization of the operating conditions, the crystals can grow up to a average size of about 28 μm, showing flat hexagonal （or pseudo- hexagonal） crystal morphology. Moreover, two potential mechanisms of Friedel＇s salt formation including adsorption mechanism and anion-exchange mechanism were discussed. In the adsorption mechanism, Friedel＇s salt forms due to the adsorption of the bulk C1- ions present in the solution into the interlayers of the principal layers, [Ca2Al（OH-）6·2H2O]＋, in order to balance the charge. In the anion-exchange mechanism, the freechloride ions bind with the AFro （a family of hydrated compounds found in cement） hydrates to form Friedel＇s salt by anion-exchange with the ions present in the interlayers of the principal layer, [Ca2Al（OH-）6. 2H2O]＋- OH-.
