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国家自然科学基金(70925001)

作品数:9 被引量:117H指数:6
相关作者:王金霞黄季焜张紫云蔡亚庆白军飞更多>>
相关机构:中国科学院中国科学院研究生院中国科学院大学更多>>
发文基金:国家自然科学基金国家重点基础研究发展计划澳大利亚国际农业研究中心项目更多>>
相关领域:农业科学经济管理政治法律天文地球更多>>

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9 条 记 录,以下是 1-10
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Crop Diversification in Coping with Extreme Weather Events in China被引量:10
2014年
Apart from the long-term effects of climate change, the frequency and severity of extreme weather events have been increasing. Given the risks posed by climate change, particularly the changes in extreme weather events, the question of how to adapt to these changes and mitigate their negative impacts has received great attention from policy makers. The overall goals of this study are to examine whether farmers adapt to extreme weather events through crop diversification and which factors influence farmers' decisions on crop diversification against extreme weather events in China. To limit the scope of this study, we focus on drought and flood events only. Based on a unique large-scale household survey in nine provinces, this study finds that farmers respond to extreme weather events by increasing crop diversification. Their decision to diversify crops is significantly influenced by their experiences of extreme weather events in the previous year. Such results are understandable because farmers' behaviors are normally based on their expectations. Moreover, household characteristics also affect farmers' decisions on crop diversification strategy, and their effects differ by farmers' age and gender. This paper concludes with several policy implications.
HUANG Ji-kunJIANG JingWANG Jin-xiaHOU Ling-ling
关键词:ADAPTATIONFARMER
Household and Community Assets and Farmers' Adaptation to Extreme Weather Event:the Case of Drought in China被引量:17
2014年
Under climate change, rising frequency and serious extreme weather events have challenged agricultural production. Designing appropriate adaptation measures to the extreme weather events require rigorous and empirical analysis. The overall goals of this study are to understand physical adaptation measures taken by farmers and the impacts of household and community assets on farmers' adaptation when they face drought. The analyses are based on a unique data set collected from a household survey in three provinces in China. The survey results show that though not common on annual basis, some farmers did use physical adaptation measures to fight drought. Regression analysis reveals that both household and community assets significantly affect farmers' adaptation behaviors. Improving households' social capital and wealth, communities' network and access to government's anti-drought service can facilitate farmers' adaptation to drought. Results indicate that community's irrigation infrastructure and physical adaptation taken by farmers can substitute each other. Further analysis shows that the households taking adaptation measures have higher crop yields than those without taking these measures. The paper concludes with several policy implications.
WANG Yang-jieHUANG Ji-kunWANG Jin-xia
关键词:DROUGHTHOUSEHOLDASSETAGRICULTURE
我国农村户用沼气使用效率及其影响因素研究——基于全国五省调研的实证分析被引量:43
2012年
2001-2010年我国中央政府对农村户用沼气建设累计投资182.7亿元。然而,目前社会各界对这些投资的效果、以及如何进一步推动沼气的持续发展等问题还存在很多争议。本文利用全国五省的详细调查数据对我国农户沼气使用率及其决定因素进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,我国农村现存沼气池中目前正在使用的仅为76.5%,农村沼气池的总体使用效率为64.8%。研究表明,沼气补贴政策、农户收入水平、家庭农业生产结构等因素都会对沼气池的使用效率产生显著影响。
蔡亚庆仇焕广王金霞白军飞
关键词:农村户用沼气使用效率影响因素
Overview of Impacts of Climate Change and Adaptation in China's Agriculture被引量:23
2014年
The purpose of this paper is to document the likely impacts of climate change on China's agriculture and the current adaptation efforts made by government and farmers. The review of literature shows that climate change will have a significant impact on agriculture, primarily through its effect on crop yields. The extent of predicted impacts highly depends on the crop, the CO2 fertilization effect assumption and adaptation abilities. Market response to the production shocks resulting from climate change will lessen the impacts on agricultural production predicted by natural scientists. On adaptation, the government's major efforts have been in the developing new technologies, reforming extension system and enhancing institutional capacity. Farmers do adapt to climate change, but their adaptation measures cannot fully offset the negative impacts of climate change. The paper concludes and makes implications for future studies.
WANG Jin-xiaHUANG Ji-kunYANG Jun
关键词:AGRICULTUREADAPTATION
气候变化条件下农业水资源的优化配置及其对农业生产的影响:黄河流域的模拟分析
面对黄河流域气候逐渐变暖、水资源短缺状况日益严重的状况,本文的主要研究目标是模拟分析气候变化条件下黄河流域的未来水安全状况、农业水资源配置及其对农业生产的影响,从而为政策决策者提供制定政策的重要实证依据。模拟分析的主要工...
严婷婷王金霞黄季焜
关键词:农业生产
文献传递
Impacts of Climate Change on Water and Agricultural Production in Ten Large River Basins in China被引量:17
2013年
The overall goal of this paper is to examine impacts of climate change on water supply and demand balance and their consequences on agricultural production in ten river basins in China. To realize this goal, China Water Simulation Model (CWSM) is used to analyze three alternative climate scenarios (A1B, A2 and B2). The results show that the impacts of climate change on water supply and demand balance differ largely among alternative scenarios. While significant impacts of climate change on water balance will occur under the A1B scenario, the impacts of climate change under the A2 and B2 scenarios will be marginal. Under the A1B scenario, the water shortage in the river basins located in the northern China will become more serious, particularly in Liaohe and Haihe river basins, but the other river basins in the southern China will improve their water balance situations. Despite larger impacts of climate change on water balance in the northern China, its impacts on total crops' production will be moderate if farmers would be able to reallocate water among crops and adjust irrigated and rainfed land. The paper concludes with some policy implications.
WANG Jin-xiaHUANG Ji-kunYAN Ting-ting
关键词:IMPACTS
不同灌溉水源供水可靠性的评估被引量:5
2012年
建国以来,尽管我国在农田水利设施建设方面进行了一些投资,但在有效提供灌溉供水方面仍然面临着巨大挑战;因而深入理解不同灌溉水源的供水可靠性对于制定合理投资政策具有十分重要的现实意义。本文所用数据基于全国7个省123个村的大规模实地调研。调研结果表明,过去5年(2006~2010年)有三分之一的年份存在灌溉供水不可靠的状况。计量经济学模型的分析结果表明,相对于运用水泵从河流湖泊提水这类灌溉水源,由机井、水池以及灌区提供的灌溉供水的可靠程度较高;而水库和水窖提供的灌溉供水可靠程度较低。
杨宇王金霞陈煌
关键词:农田水利设施灌溉水源供水可靠性
农业生产抗冻适应性措施:采用现状及决定因素研究被引量:9
2014年
本文基于2010年全国6个省份实地调研数据,采用了Logit和Probit模型分析农户应对冻灾时采用的适应性措施的决定因素。研究结果表明,调查样本中遭受冻灾的农户比例为25.6%,其中有63.4%的农户采取了适应性措施,且以非工程措施为主;措施采用影响因素方面,政府等机构在灾前和灾后提供的灾情预警信息和抗灾支持能显著促进农户采用适应性措施;农户及村级特征方面,农户年龄、社会资本等对适应性措施的采用有负向作用,农户家庭财富、是否参与农合、村经济发展水平、平原地形、便利地域位置等因素对适应性措施的采用有正向作用。最后建议政府在应对冻灾事件时应该加大抗灾信息的宣传力度,扩大抗灾支持的普及面,切实提高农户采用适应性措施的能力。
张紫云王金霞黄季焜
关键词:冻灾农业生产
Use of Human Excreta as Manure in Rural China被引量:6
2014年
Empirical research has shown that the use of manure significantly improves crop yield, soil fertility and water and moisture conservation. Despite these documented benefits, however, there is a concern on the downward trend of manure use in agriculture in China. This paper examines factors contributing to this downward trend, with a particular focus on human excreta used in agriculture. Empirical analysis based on data from stratified random sampling of rural households in five provinces of China shows that about 85% of human excreta was still used as manure in agriculture in 2007 which was less than a decade ago when nearly all human excreta was used as manure. Econometric results suggest that income growth, rising population density and improvement in rural transportation significantly contribute to declining use of human excreta as manure in agriculture. These results imply that the current downward trend will continue given China's rising economic growth, urbanization and rural infrastructural improvement.
LIU YingHUANG Ji-kunPrecious Zikhali
关键词:MANURERECYCLING
冻灾的发生、政策支持及农户适应性措施的采用被引量:4
2014年
本文的研究目标是分析我国冻灾的发生状况、地方政府应对冻灾的政策支持及农户的适应性反应,为国家制定相关的政策提供实证依据。基于我们2005-2010年在全国6省的大规模实地调查发现,调查样本中有27%的农户遭受冻灾并导致减产;在发生冻灾的农户中,有19.5%的村获得了抗冻预警和防治信息,仅有3.4%的村获得了资金、物质和技术等的抗冻政策支持;在受灾农户中,有63.4%的农户对冻灾风险做出了适应性反应,主要是采取了非工程类适应性措施,包括调整作物的生产投入、改变播种或收获日期、购买农业保险等;相对于非工程措施,农户采取的工程类措施比例较低。根究研究结果,本文提出了一些针对性的政策建议。
张紫云王金霞黄季焜
关键词:冻灾
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