控制力矩陀螺(CMG,control moment gyro)系统存在多种误差与扰动,影响航天器的姿态控制精度.分析了大型单框架控制力矩陀螺(SGCMG,single gimbal control moment gyro)各主要组成部分的特性、误差及扰动,包括转子动静不平衡、转子轴的安装误差、轴承摩擦、转子电机特性、框架电机特性和谐波减速器特性.通过建立大型SGCMG的动力学精细模型并进行数学仿真,得到了大型SGCMG主要误差与扰动对其输出力矩的影响:在框架伺服系统加装谐波齿轮减速机构可以明显提高SGCMG输出力矩精度,同时也给框架带来高频谐振;转子动不平衡造成的扰动力矩是导致SGCMG在其力矩输出轴和框架轴方向产生输出力矩偏差的主要原因.
提出一种新的空间机器人设计概念,并研究其轨迹跟踪控制问题.系统中的各机械臂以自由球铰连接,在机器人平台和每节机械臂上均安装有一组控制力矩陀螺(CMGs,Control Moment Gyroscopes)作为控制力矩执行机构.采用改进的罗格里得斯参数(MRPs,Modified Rodrigues Parameters)描述平台和各节机械臂的姿态,利用Kane方程建立了系统的动力学模型.在此基础上,用逆动力学方法设计了系统的轨迹跟踪控制律,用以实现卫星平台的位置/姿态和机械臂末端作用器位置的轨迹跟踪控制.采用带有零运动的CMGs操纵律以使CMGs准确输出力矩并回避构型奇异.基于两关节机械臂系统和金字塔构型CMGs的数值仿真结果验证了所设计的控制律和操纵律的有效性,以及自由球铰连接方式在提高末端作用器运动自由度和降低系统动力学耦合方面的优越性.
An adaptive sliding mode control （ASMC） law is proposed in decentralized scheme for trajectory tracking control of a new concept space robot. Each joint of the system is a free ball joint capable of rotating with three degrees of freedom （DOF）. A cluster of control moment gyroscopes （CMGs） is mounted on each link and the base to actuate the system. The modified Rodrigues parameters （MRPs） are employed to describe the angular displacements, and the equations of motion are derived using Kane＇s equations. The controller for each link or the base is designed sep- arately in decentralized scheme. The unknown disturbances, inertia parameter uncertainties and nonlinear uncertainties are classified as a ＂lumped＂ matched uncertainty with unknown upper bound, and a continuous sliding mode control （SMC） law is proposed, in which the control gain is tuned by the improved adaptation laws for the upper bound on norm of the uncertainty. A gen- eral amplification function is designed and incorporated in the adaptation laws to reduce the control error without conspicuously increasing the magnitude of the control input. Uniformly ultimate boundedness of the closed loop system is proved by Lyapunov＇s method. Simulation results based on a three-link system verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
单框架控制力矩陀螺(SGCMGs,single gimbal control moment gyros)的奇异问题是其在使用过程中面临的主要问题.将构型奇异度量作为路径约束,采用高斯伪谱法进行轨迹优化,得到一组无奇异框架角,并以相应的SGCMGs框架转速作为开环指令进行控制.考虑初始姿态偏差及外干扰不确定因素的影响故引入反作用动量轮(RWs,reaction wheels),并基于Lyapunov稳定性设计了RWs的控制律进行闭环修正.仿真结果表明,采用混合执行机构能够保证卫星在外干扰等因素影响下,以最优轨迹的SGCMGs无奇异框架转速指令实现对最优轨迹的跟踪.
An effective and more efficient path planning algorithm is developed for a kinematically non-redundant free-floating space robot(FFSR) system by proposing a concept of degree of controllability(DOC) for underactuated systems. The DOC concept is proposed for making full use of the internal couplings and then achieving a better control effect, followed by a certain definition of controllability measurement which measures the DOC, based on obtaining an explicit and finite equivalent affine system and singular value decomposition. A simple method for nilpotent approximation of the Lie algebra generated by the FFSR system is put forward by direct Taylor expansion when obtaining the equivalent system. Afterwards, a large-controlla- bility-measurement(LCM) nominal path is searched by a weighted A* algorithm, and an optimal self-correcting method is designed to track the nominal path approximately, yielding an efficient underactuated path. The proposed strategy successfully avoids the drawback of inefficiency inherent in previous path-planning schemes, which is due to the neglect of internal couplings, and illustrative numerical examples show its efficacy.
A dynamics-based adaptive control approach is proposed for a planar dual-arm space robot in the presence of closed-loop constraints and uncertain inertial parameters of the payload. The controller is capable of controlling the po- sition and attitude of both the satellite base and the payload grasped by the manipulator end effectors. The equations of motion in reduced-order form for the constrained system are derived by incorporating the constraint equations in terms of accelerations into Kane＇s equations of the unconstrained system. Model analysis shows that the resulting equations perfectly meet the requirement of adaptive controller design. Consequently, by using an indirect approach, an adaptive control scheme is proposed to accomplish position/attitude trajectory tracking control with the uncertain parameters be- ing estimated on-line. The actuator redundancy due to the closed-loop constraints is utilized to minimize a weighted norm of the joint torques. Global asymptotic stability is proven by using Lyapunov＇s method, and simulation results are also presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
