This paper proposes several quantitative characteristics to study convective systems using observations from Doppler weather radars and geostationary satellites. Specifically, in order to measure the convective intensity of each system, a new index, named the ＂Convective Intensity Ratio＂ （CIR）, is defined as the ratio between the area of strong radar echoes at the upper level and the size of the convective cell itself. Based on these quantitative characteristics, the evolution of convective cells, surface rainfall intensity, rainfall area and convectively generated anvil clouds can be studied, and the relationships between them can also be analyzed. After testing nine meso-β-scale convective systems over North China during 2006–2007, the results were as follows： （1） the CIR was highly correlated with surface rainfall intensity, and the correlation reached a maximum when the CIR led rainfall intensity by 6–30 mins. The maximum CIR could be at most ～30 mins before the maximum rainfall intensity. （2） Convective systems with larger maximum CIRs usually had colder cloud-tops. （3） The maximum area of anvil cloud appeared 0.5–1.5 h after rainfall intensity began to weaken. The maximum area of anvil cloud and the time lag between maximum rainfall intensity and the maximum area of anvil cloud both increased with the CIR.
This study analyzed the climatological characteristics of severe convective storms in the Beijing and Tianjin region and its vicinity based on the Doppler radar data of Tanggu during May―August of 2003― 2007. The climatological characteristics, e.g. storm area, volume, top height, max reflectivity, life time and motion, are analyzed. The results include: 75% of all storms in the Beijing-Tianjin region last no more than 30 minutes, and most storms have a volume less than 400 km3; most storms move from southwest to northeast while the speed is between 10―30 km/h; the mean storm top height is about 6 km, but some strong convective storms can have a top height larger than 15 km; finally, storm area and volume have a similar geographical distribution character showing increasing trends from west to east. Compared with the statistic results based on the conventional surface meteorological observations, the results based on the radar data can present not only 3D spatial statistic results of convective storms (e.g., volume and top height), but also the quantitative climatological characteristics, such as the life-time and speed distributions. These statistical results are useful for studying the climatic characteristics of convective storms in the Beijing-Tianjin region and its vicinity.
HAN LeiYU XiaoDingZHENG YongGuangCHEN MingXuanWANG HongQingLIN YinJing
