Gravitational field equations in Randers-Finsler space of approximate Berwald type are investigated. A modified Friedmann equation and a new luminosity distance-redshift relation is proposed. A best-fit to the Type Ia supernovae （SNe） observations yields that the Λ in the Λ-CDM model is suppressed to almost zero. This fact indicates that the astronomical observations on the Type Ia SNe can be described well without invoking any form of dark energy. The best-fit age of the universe is given. It is in agreement with the age of our galaxy.
It is believed that the modification of Newtonian dynamics （MOND） is a possible alternative for dark matter hypothesis. Although Bekenstein＇s TeVeS supplies a relativistic version of MOND, one may still wish for a more concise covariant formulism of MOND. In this paper, within covariant geometrical framework, we present another version of MOND. We show the spacetime structure of MOND with properties of Tully-Fisher relation and Lorentz invariance violation.
With the Coulomb gauge, the Chern-Simons-Georgi-Glashow （CSGG） model is quantized in the Dirac formalism for the constrained system. Combining the Gauss law and Coulomb gauge consistency condition, the difference between the Schwinger angular momentum and canonical angular momentum of the system is found to be an anomalous spin. The reason for this result lies in the fact that the Schwinger energy momentum tensor and the canonical one have different symmetry properties in the presence of the Chern-Simons term.
The WMAP and Planck observations show that the quadrupole and octopole orientations of the CMB might align with each other. We reveal that the quadrupole-octopole alignment is a natural implication of the primordial power spectrum in an anisotropic spacetime. The primordial power spectrum is presented with a dipolar modulation. We obtain the privileged plane by employing the ＂power tensor＂ technique. At this plane, there is maximum correlation between quadrupole and octopole. The probability for the alignment is much larger than that in the isotropic universe. We find that this model would lead to deviations from the statistical isotropy only for low-l multipoles.
