AIM: To determine the effect of different concentrations of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors tacrine and donepezil on retinal protection in AChE(+/-) mice (AChE knockout mice) of various ages. METHODS: Cultured ARPE -19 cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at concentrations of 0, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mu mol/L and protein levels were measured using Western blot. Intraperitoneal injections of tacrine and donepezil (0.1 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/mL and 0.4 mg/mL) were respectively given to AChE4- mice aged 2mo and 4mo and wild-type S129 mice for 7d; phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was administered to the control group. The mice were sacrificed after 30d by cardiac perfusion and retinal samples were taken. AChE(+/-) deficient mice were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis using specific genotyping protocols obtained from the Jackson Laboratory website. H&E staining, immunofluorescence and Western blot were performed to observe AChE protein expression changes in the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell layer. RESULTS: Different concentrations of H2O2 induced AChE expression during RPE cell apoptosis. AChE(+/-) mice retina were thinner than those in wild -type mice (P< 0.05); the retinal structure was still intact at 2mo but became thinner with increasing age(P <0.05); furthermore, AChE'l- mice developed more slowly than wild-type mice (P <0.05). Increased concentrations of tacrine and donepezil did not significantly improve the protection of the retina function and morphology (P >0.05). CONCLUSION: in viva, tacrine and donepezil can inhibit the expression of AChE; the decrease of AChE expression in the retina is beneficial for the development of the retina.
青光眼是一组以视网膜神经节细胞逐渐丢失伴视神经变性为特征的神经眼科病变。功能性磁共振成像（functional magnetic resonance imaging；fMRI）是一种新兴的神经影像学技术，近年来被运用于青光眼的视神经、视通路及视觉中枢损伤的研究中。较多研究表明fMRI可为青光眼的早期诊断及发病机制研究提供一定参考价值，文中就此对其进行综述。
目的探讨在麻痹肌肌腹下行眶-球硅管连接术与肌腹下注射A型肉毒素治疗麻痹性斜视的疗效对比。方法收集36例(36眼)斜视患者,根据治疗方法不同分为两组,A组行肌腹下眶-球硅管连接术,B组行A型肉毒素眼外肌注射治疗,每组各18例(18眼)。记录术后1周与6 a时两组患者的临床效果、角膜散光、视功能及屈光度变化等情况。结果 A组患者术后均达到美容性眼位矫正;12例(66.7%)达到功能性眼位矫正;治疗1周后角膜前表面屈光度、散光值及散光轴向与治疗前相比明显增加,治疗6 a后角膜前表面屈光度、散光值及散光轴向基本恢复至术前水平;A组术后1周8例患者存在双眼视功能,随访6 a 14例存在双眼视功能。B组患者术后12例(66.7%)达到美容性眼位矫正;达到功能性眼位矫正者9例(50.0%);治疗1周后及随访6 a角膜前表面屈光度、散光值及散光轴向与治疗前相比差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05);B组术后1周6例患者存在双眼视功能,随访6 a 7例存在双眼视功能;两组治疗后1周近视度数相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),随访6 a,A组近视度数为(-3.52±2.82)D,B组为(-5.78±3.42)D,A组明显低于B组(P<0.05)。结论肌腹下眶-球硅管连接术与肌腹下注射A型肉毒素相比,在临床效果、角膜散光、视功能方面均有明显差异,眶-球硅管连接术是治疗麻痹性斜视的可行方法,值得推广。
