The effects of trapped electrons on off-axis lower hybrid current drive （LHCD） in tokamaks are studied, A computer code for solving the Fokker-Planck equation in a toroidal geometry is developed and employed. The code is suitable for various auxiliary heating and current drive schemes in tokamak plasmas. The influence of the resonance regime on the current drive efficiency as well as the influence of trapped particle fraction on the current drive efficiency are emphasized. It is shown that, as an electrostatic force, the lower hybrid wave causes some of the trapped electrons to be untrapped and lose their energy, which can cut the LHCD efficiency by about 30%. The ITER scaling law is also used to estimate the trapped electron effects.
The effects of trapped electrons on off-axis lower hybrid current drive （LHCD） in tokamaks are studied. The influence of the resonance regime on the current drive efficiency as well as the influence of trapped particle fraction on the current drive efficiency are emphasized.
JIAO Yiming LONG Yongxing DONG Jiaqi GAO Qingdi WANG Aike LIU Yong
Advanced operation modes with external and internal transport barriers （ETBs and ITBs） are desirable for magnetic fusion ignition in toroidal devices. Therefore, ITB formation mechanism is an important topic of magnetic fusion plasma physics and has attracted much attention in recent years. The ITBs are often found to form in vicinities of low safety factor q rational flux surfaces and to coincide with MHD activities in experimentsI1＇2]. On the other hand, the crucial role of sheared flows in formation of ETBs and ITBs has been demonstrated in recent decades.
DONG Jiaqi LONG Yongxing MOU Zhongze ZHANG Jinhua LI Jiquan
