为了提高非平衡进程到达(unbalanced process arrival,简称UPA)模式下MPI广播的性能,对UPA模式下的广播问题进行了理论分析,证明了在多核集群环境中通过节点内多个MPI进程的竞争可以有效减少UPA对MPI广播性能的影响,并在此基础上提出了一种新的优化方法,即竞争式流水化方法(competitive and pipelined method,简称CP).CP方法通过一种节点内进程竞争机制在广播过程中尽早启动节点间通信,经该方法优化的广播算法利用共享内存在节点内通信,利用由竞争机制产生的引导进程执行原算法在节点间通信.并且,该方法使节点间通信和节点内通信以流水方式重叠执行,能够有效利用集群系统各节点的多核优势,减少了MPI广播受UPA的影响,提高了性能.为了验证CP方法的有效性,基于此方法优化了3种典型的MPI广播算法,分别适用于不同消息长度的广播.在真实系统中,通过微基准测试和两个实际的应用程序对CP广播进行了性能评价,结果表明,该方法能够有效地提高传统广播算法在UPA模式下的性能.在应用程序的负载测试实验结果中,CP广播的性能较流水化广播的性能提高约16%,较MVAPICH21.2中广播的性能提高18%～24%.
Reconfigurable computing tries to achieve the balance between high efficiency of custom computing and flexibility of general-purpose computing. This paper presents the implementation techniques in LEAP, a coarse-grained reconfigurable array, and proposes a speculative execution mechanism for dynamic loop scheduling with the goal of one iteration per cycle and implementation techniques to support decoupling synchronization between the token generator and the collector. This paper also in- troduces the techniques of exploiting both data dependences of intra- and inter-iteration, with the help of two instructions for special data reuses in the loop-carried dependences. The experimental results show that the number of memory accesses reaches on average 3% of an RISC processor simulator with no memory optimization. In a practical image matching application, LEAP architecture achieves about 34 times of speedup in execution cycles, compared with general-purpose processors.
