Bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae(Xoo), is one of the most destructive diseases of rice(Oryza sativa L.) worldwide. The type III secretion system(T3SS) of Xoo, encoded by the hrp(hypersensitive response and pathogenicity) genes, plays critical roles in conferring pathogenicity in host rice and triggering a hypersensitive response(HR) in non-host plants. To investigate the major genes conferring the pathogenicity and avirulence of Xoo, we previously constructed a random Tn5-insertion mutant library of Xoo strain PXO99A. We report here the isolation and characterization of a Tn5-insertion mutant PXM69. Tn5-insertion mutants were screened on indica rice JG30, which is highly susceptible to PXO99A, by leaf-cutting inoculation.Four mutants with reduced virulence were obtained after two rounds of screening. Among them, the mutant PXM69 had completely lost virulence to the rice host and ability to elicit HR in non-host tobacco. Southern blotting analysis showed a single copy of a Tn5-insertion in the genome of PXM69. PCR walking and sequencing analysis revealed that the Tn5 transposon was inserted at nucleotide position 70,192–70,201 in the genome of PXO99A, disrupting the type III hrc(hrp-conserved) gene hrcQ, the first gene in the D operon of the hrp cluster in Xoo. To confirm the relationship between the Tn5-insertion and the avirulence phenotype of PXM69, we used the marker exchange mutagenesis to create a PXO99Amutant, ΔhrcQ::KAN, in which the hrcQ was disrupted by a kanamycin-encoding gene cassette at the same site as that of the Tn5-insertion. ΔhrcQ::KAN showed the same phenotype as mutant PXM69. Reintroduction of the wild-type hrcQ gene partially complemented the pathogenic function of PXM69. RT-PCR and cellulase secretion assays showed that the Tn5-disruption of hrcQ did not affect transcription of downstream genes in the D operon and function of the type II secretion system. Our results provide new insights into the pathogenic functions of clustered hrp genes in Xoo.
水稻白叶枯病是水稻生产中最严重病害之一。前期鉴定发掘的水稻资源材料Y238对白叶枯病具有广谱抗性,其衍生的以IR24为遗传背景的基因导入系CBB30Ⅰ保持了广谱抗性。利用抑制消减杂交(suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH)技术构建CBB30Ⅰ与感病品种IR24间的差异表达cD-NA文库,RT-PCR分析抗病相关基因表达情况。经反向Northern blot杂交检测、测序和GenBank中BLAST比对,结果共获得29个独立的差异表达cD-NA克隆,其中有3个功能未知基因。半定量RT-PCR进一步验证了抗感病品种间抗性相关基因的差异表达。根据MIPS(Munich Information Center forProtein Sequences)功能分类系统推测,这些差异表达基因可能参与了CBB30Ⅰ对病原菌的防卫反应、信号传导和蛋白合成与修饰等一些重要的生物学过程。
Transcription activator-like effector （TALE） nucleases （TALENs） are increasingly used as a powerful tool for genome edit- ing in a variety of organisms. We have previously cloned the TALE-coding gene avrXa23 from Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and developed an AvrXa23-based assembly system for designer TALEs or TALENs. Here, we exploit TALENs to induce mutagenesis of the rice ethylene response factor （ERF） transcription factor OsERF922 for testing the gene-editing efficiency of AvrXa23-based TALENs system. A pair of TALENs （T-KJ9/KJ 10） was assembled and their nuclease activities were first confirmed in rice protoplast transient assay. The TALENs-expressing construct pT-KJ9/KJ10 was then used for rice transformation. We observed targeting somatic mutagenesis frequency of 15.0% in positive transgenic rice calli and obtained two mutant plants with nucleotide deletion or insertion at the designer target region. Our work demonstrates that the AvrXa23-based TALENs system can be used for site-specific genome editing in rice.
WANG Fu-junWANG Chun-lianZHENG Chong-keQIN Teng-feiGAO YingLIU Pi-qingZHAO Kai-jun
