锌烧损是镀锌钢板激光焊接过程中的关键问题之一.本文通过测量焊后上下层锌烧损宽度、中间层锌的相对含量及腐蚀前后增重比,实验研究了激光搭接焊接工艺参数与焊接过程中光致等离子体谱线信息与锌烧损的相关性.研究结果表明:锌烧损的主要影响工艺因素主次顺序为焊接速度、激光功率、辅助气体流量和离焦量;锌的烧损量随着锌谱线Zn I 328.2nm和Zn I 330.3nm的平均强度的增大而增大;气孔因镀层锌的蒸发而产生,直径越大,局域锌元素含量越高.锌谱线强度可用于在线监测镀锌钢激光焊接时气孔的产生及锌烧损量的动态变化.
A mathematical energy coupling model was developed to analyze the light transmission in the keyhole and energy distribution on the keyhole wall.The main characteristics of the model include：1） a prototype of the keyhole and the inverse Bremsstrahlung absorption coefficient in the keyhole plasma are obtained from the experiments;2） instead of using a parallel incident beam,a focused laser beam with real Gaussian intensity distribution is implemented;3） both Fresnel absorption and inverse Bremsstrahlung absorption during multiple reflections are considered.The calculation results show that the distribution of absorbed laser intensity by the keyhole wall is not uniform.The maximum laser energy is absorbed by the bottom of the keyhole,although no rays irradiate directly onto the bottom.According to analysis of beam focusing characteristics,the location of the focal plane plays a more important role in the laser energy absorption by the front wall than by the rear wall.
