Tropical diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries.Although combined health efforts brought about significant improvements over the past 20 years,communities in resource-constrained settings lack the means of strengthening their environment in directions that would provide less favourable conditions for pathogens.Still,the impact of infectious diseases is declining worldwide along with progress made regarding responses to basic health problems and improving health services delivery to the most vulnerable populations.The London Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases(NTDs),initiated by the World Health Organization’s NTD roadmap,set out the path towards control and eventual elimination of several tropical diseases by 2020,providing an impetus for local and regional disease elimination programmes.Tropical diseases are often patchy and erratic,and there are differing priorities in resources-limited and endemic countries at various levels of their public health systems.In order to identify and prioritize strategic research on elimination of tropical diseases,the‘First Forum on Surveillance-Response System Leading to Tropical Diseases Elimination’was convened in Shanghai in June 2012.Current strategies and the NTD roadmap were reviewed,followed by discussions on how to identify and critically examine prevailing challenges and opportunities,including inter-sectoral collaboration and approaches for elimination of several infectious,tropical diseases.A priority research agenda within a‘One Health-One World’frame of global health was developed,including(i)the establishment of a platform for resource-sharing and effective surveillance-response systems for Asia Pacific and Africa with an initial focus on elimination of lymphatic filariasis,malaria and schistosomiasis;(ii)development of new strategies,tools and approaches,such as improved diagnostics and antimalarial therapies;(iii)rigorous validation of surveillance-response systems;and(iv)designing pilot studies to transf
A study was conducted to evaluate the status of soil nutrients under E. grandis plantation in comparison with that in its adjacent submontane rain forest. Twenty sequare plots, with an area of 20 m×20 m for each, were established in both of E.grandis plantation and its adjacent sub-montane rain forest, independently. Soil samples were collected from each square plot, at five points （at the four comers and at the center） of each plot. The collected soil samples were mixed to make a composite and representative sample for each plot, independently. The analyses were done in a soil laboratory following appropriate methods. The analysis result indicated that there were no significance differences between E. grandis plantation and its adjacent sub-montane rain forest in the level of major soil nutrients （total N, available P, exchangeable K, Ca and Mg）, pH and total carbon of soils （p 〈 0.05）. There were significance differences between two sites of forest soils in percentage of clay particles, and exchangeable Na content. E. grandis plantation was found improving soil nutrients and total carbon as compared with that of its adjacent submontane rain forest.
This paper reviews the epidemiological status and characteristics of clonorchiasis at global level and the etiological relationship between Clonorchis sinensis infection and cholangiocarcinoma(CCA).A conservative estimation was made that 15 million people were infected in the world in 2004,of which over 85%distributed in China.The epidemiology of clonorchiasis is characterized by rising trend in its prevalence,variability among sexes and age,as well as endemicity in different regions.More data indicate that C.sinensis infection is carcinogenic to human,and it is predicted that nearly 5000 CCA cases attributed to C.sinensis infection may occur annually in the world decades later,with its overall odds ratio of 4.47.Clonorchiasis is becoming one major public health problem in east Asia,and it is worthwhile to carry out further epidemiological studies.
