为揭示化感物质抑制藻类的机理,研究了芦苇化感物质2-甲基乙酰乙酸乙酯(eathyl-2-methyl acetoacetate,EMA)对蛋白核小球藻、铜绿微囊藻和普通小球藻细胞膜磷脂脂肪酸种类、含量以及藻细胞亚显微结构的影响,采用Bligh and dye法提取藻类细胞膜磷脂脂肪酸,GC-MS测定脂肪酸种类和含量,透射电镜法观测细胞亚显微结构.结果表明,EMA使蛋白核小球藻细胞膜不饱和脂肪酸亚麻酸、亚油酸含量都增加了14%,而饱和脂肪酸肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸含量则下降了12%和11%.加入EMA后,铜绿微囊藻细胞膜中不饱和脂肪酸C18∶1和C18∶2含量分别增加了12%和10%,饱和脂肪酸C18∶0和C16∶0含量则下降.EMA对普通小球藻细胞膜磷脂脂肪酸含量没有显著影响.EMA使蛋白核小球藻和铜绿微囊藻细胞壁脱落,细胞膜破裂,细胞内含物渗出,细胞内片层结构解体,细胞核和线粒体结构损坏.EMA对普通小球藻细胞亚显微结构没有显著破坏.
The bacterial community structures in two sewage treatment plants with different processes and performance were investigated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） of nested polymerase chain reaction （nested PCR） amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments with group-specific primers. Samples of raw sewage and treated effluents were amplified using the whole-cell PCR method, and the activated sludge samples were amplified using the extracted genomic DNA before the PCR products were loaded on the same DGGE gel for bacterial community analysis. Ammonia-oxidizing bacterial and actinomycetic community analysis were also carried out to investigate the relationship between specific population structures and system or sludge performance. The two plants demonstrated a similarity in bacterial community structures of raw sewage and activated sludge, but they had different effluent populations. Many dominant bacterial populations of raw sewage did not appear in the activated sludge samples, suggesting that the dominant bacterial populations in raw sewage might not play an important role during wastewater treatment. Although the two plants had different sludge properties in terms of settleability and foam forming ability, they demonstrated similar actinomycetic community structures. For activated sludge with bad settling performance, the treated water presented a similar DGGE pattern with that of activated sludge, indicating the nonselective washout of bacteria from the system. The plant with better ammonium removal efficiency showed higher ammonia-oxidizing bacteria species richness. Analysis of sequencing results showed that the major populations in raw sewage were uncultured bacterium, while in activated sludge the predominant populations were beta proteobacteria.
LIU Xin-chun ZHANG Yu YANG Min WANG Zhen-yu LV Wen-zhou
