本文在世代交叠模型中研究了养老保险缴费率和养老金待遇水平之间的关系,发现降低缴费率能够促进物质资本和人力资本积累,缴费率与养老金待遇水平之间呈现倒 U 型关系,从理论上证明了在降低在职人员缴费率的同时提高退休人员养老金待遇水平的可能性。本文还利用中国数据对理论模型进行了参数取值和数值模拟,发现中国现收现付养老保险缴费率的阈值在15. 6%左右。中国政府可以通过适当降低社会统筹部分的缴费率来缓解代际冲突,减轻扩大养老保险覆盖面的阻力,真正建立起基本养老保险制度的长效机制。
Analyzing the reasons for the lag in urbanization and the persistent widening of the urban- rural income gap in China from the viewpoint of government development strategy, we find that the government＇s strategy of encouraging the development of capital-intensive sectors has resulted in a relative fall in labor demand in urban areas and thus delayed the progress of urbanization, hampered the effective transfer of the rural population into urban areas and widened the urban-rural income gap. Using the technology choice index （TCI） to measure the degree to which government policy is biased towards capital-intensive sectors, this paper conducts empirical tests of a series of theoretical hypotheses on the basis of Chinese provincial panel data for 1978-2008. We further find that changes in China＇s urban-rural income gap conform to a U-curve pattern, i.e. in the course of economic development, the income gap first decreases then increases.
This paper studies the relationship between the widening urban-rural income inequality and weak household consumption demand in China. The theoretic model shows that households with higher income have lower average and marginal propensity to consume （APC and MPC）, and that the larger the income gap is, the weaker household consumption demand becomes. This paper tests the theoretical model with the panel data of 28 Chinese provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions from 1978 to 2009. The results show that with an increase of RMBIO, O00 in income, household APC drops by 25.6 percent and MPC by 7.0 percent,＂ and that if the income gap widens by one unit, household consumption rate drops by 6. 5 percentage points. Simulation results reveal that the widening urban-rural income inequality caused an extra drop of 3.42 percentage points in household consumption rate from 2000 to 2008, which accounts for 30.8 percent of the total drop in household consumption rate during that period.
