In order to study the uplifting effect of compensation grouting on ground surface and the upper structures,the ground heave induced by stratum expansion was considered as a stochastic process and the stochastic medium theory was applied to determine the heave and deformation of ground surface under uniform and non-uniform expansion models of spherical grout bulb.The corresponding calculating formulas and simplified methods were derived based on the hypotheses of radial expansion.Then,a numerical model,in which radial velocity was imposed on the outer nodes of grout bulb to simulate the expansion process reaching a required volume strain,was established simultaneously.This new method avoids repeated trial calculation needed in the traditional method which applies a "fictitious" expanding pressure in the grouting elements.The results show that the numerical solutions have good consistency with the theoretical ones.Meanwhile,though the heave resulting from non-uniform expansion is larger than that from uniform expansion for shallow grouting,both of them tend to be convergent with the increasing of grouting depth.
A stratum grouting-soil-structure interaction model which simplified the grouted zone into a series of spherical grout bulbs was established using FLAC3D program. The hypothetical non-uniform expansion process to reach an assigned volume strain due to soil compression by grouting was achieved by imposing radial velocity on outer mesh nodes of these spheres. This new method avoids the repeated trial calculation needed in the traditional method which applied a fictitious expanding pressure in the grouting element. The deformation and additional internal forces of structure were investigated during each grouting strategy and the influences of various stiffness of grouting proof curtain and bearing capacity of pile tip were discussed simultaneously. The numerical model is proved to be effective to replicate general behavior expected in the field and is capable of modeling the uplifting effect for the surface structure by grouting.
