Clostridium perfringens phospholipase C(plc),also calledα-toxin,is encoded by the plc gene Clostridium perfringers.The production ofα-toxin can lead to the occurrence of gas gangrene.Vaccination is considered as one of the best solutions against Clostridium infections.In this study,an anti-Cpα-toxin monoclonal antibody(mAbs)A10E5 was successfully prepared,which had better biological reactivity.Then,the phage random 12-peptide library was used to screen mAb A10E5 protein.After four rounds of screening,three peptides with high affinity to the anti-α-toxin mAbs were screened.Two 12-peptide peptide Q and peptide E with higher inhibition rate were obtained by indirect ELISA.Two polypeptides of 500μg·mL^(-1)synthesized in vitro were mixed with30μg·mL^(-1)α-toxin at a concentration to treat Hela cells.Cell viability was determined by MTT assay.The results showed that both of the peptides significantly increased the survival rate of Hela cells compared with theα-toxin group,and the effect of peptide Q was more obvious.The chickens were immunized with phages expressing two different affinity polypeptides and then challenged.The results of chicken weight change,intestinal lesion score,bacterial count,and antibody titer in peripheral blood showed that the two phages expressing the polypeptides had a certain protective effect on the chickens compared with the PBS group,and peptide Q had better protection effect.In conclusion,the high affinity peptide with mAb A10E5 was screened in this study,and the protective effect of the plc polypeptide vaccine was verified by in vivo and in vitro experiments,which was of great significance for the comprehensive prevention and treatment of the disease.
Wang Hong-weiLiu Hai-xinXie Zhen-zhenZhang YueZhong MingLi Guang-xing
Porcine parvovirus(PPV) is one of the major causes of reproductive failure in pigs, which poses a great threat to the pig breeding industry and results in tremendous economic losses worldwide. Autophagy is the biological process of cell self-defense and self-protection. Despite many viruses can cause cell autophagy, when they enter cell or copied, the relationship between autophagy and PPV infection has not been reported. In this study, impact of autophagy after swine testicular(ST) cells infected by PPV was studied. Autophagy was demonstrated by the effective replication of PPV through transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. Moreover, autophagy was confirmed to benefit PPV replication by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and determination of median tissue culture infective dose(TCID). For the first time, the complex interaction between PPV infection and autophagy was explored in this study. It indicated that PPV could induce autophagy in ST cells, which in turn facilitated its own replication, which might be one of the mechanisms of the virus infection. These findings could facilitate the study of the pathogenesis of PPV infection and provide new insight into the development of effective therapeutic strategies.
The p65 protein is a functional subunit of NF-κB family and exhibits a crucial role in host immune and inflammatory responses,apoptosis and tumor proliferation if improperly-regulated.Given its ubiquitous association with nearly all the animal cells and its pleotropic functions,the gene encoding NF-κB p65 subunit was cloned and sequenced from porcine kidney(PK-15)cells.The gene was 1662 bp in length,encoded a 553-amino acid protein and contained the prototypical NF-κB functional domains.Real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were used to characterize the transcription and expression levels of the p65 in different pig tissues.The results indicated that the p65 gene and protein were both broadly expressed in pig tissues,but most highly expressed in the intestine-associated lymph nodes and the lungs.To localize the recombinant protein in intestinal porcine epithelial cells(IPEC-J2),the gene was subcloned into the vector pEGFP(pEGFP-p65).Using fluorescence microscopy,the protein was found confined to the cytoplasm in normal cells;however,during porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)infection,mRNA and protein expression were significantly up-regulated and the protein exhibited an overt tendency for nuclear translocalization consistent with a regulatory role in antiviral innate immunity.
Liu Hai-xinWang Hong-weiCao Li-yanDante S ZarlengaGe Xu-yingZhang YueYin Xue-tingZhang Rui-liRen Yu-dongHuang Xiao-danLi Guang-xing
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV)GP4 protein was prokaryotically expressed,and used as an antigen to immunize six-week-old BALB/c female mice.With conventional cell fusion method,an anti-PRRSV GP4 protein monoclonal antibody(Mab)5F12 was successfully prepared.It was identified as IgG2b subclass and had better stability and specificity,which not only responded with recombinant PRRSV GP4 protein,but also with PRRSV.Phage display technique had varieties of applications,in particular,the identification of key antigen epitopes for the development of therapeutic and diagnostic reagents and vaccines.In this study,Mab-5F12 was used as the target for biopanning a 12-mer phage random peptide library.After four rounds of biopanning,two phage-displayed peptides,named P-A and P-G(AKFEVCSPVVLG and GVNQENMLHFSF)were identified that recognized Mab-5F12 specifically.Sequence analysis showed that one or more of the peptides exhibited partial sequence similarity to the native GP4 protein sequence,which corresponded to 69-80 and 84-95 aa segments of the HP-PRRSV GP4 protein.Furthermore,real-time quantitative RT-PCR and indirect immunofluorescence assay indicated consistently the abilities of P-A and P-G to block viral infection in Marc-145 cells and they could function as antiviral agents for PRRSV.
Encephalomyocarditis virus(EMCV)is a positive single-stranded small RNA virus without envelope,which can infect a variety of mammals.Swines are the most susceptible animals,which can cause acute myocarditis and respiratory failure in piglets and reproductive failure in pregnant sows.Diseases caused by EMCV have a wide range of effects on the global swine industry.In this study,a strain of EMCV was isolated from a swine aborted fetus in northeast China.It was identified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),electron microscopic observation and indirect immunofluorescence assay.The subsequent results showed that the virus titer of HLJ strain grew to 8.3 lgTCID50 on baby hamster kidney 21(BHK-21)cells.And HLJ strain caused the specific cytopathic effect(CPE)on BHK-21 cells and severe pathological changes in mice.Complete genome sequencing and multiple sequence alignment showed that the homology between HLJ strain and other isolates worldwide was 71.5%-99.7%.Phylogenetic analysis showed that EMCV isolates fell into five clusters:lineageⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,ⅣandⅤ,based on the nucleotide sequences of the entire open reading frame(ORF)and VP1 gene.HLJ isolate was grouped into lineage I.The analyses of amino acid mutation sites of VP1 protein showed that the amino acids at positions 20 and 54 in VP1 junction were unique to HLJ strain.The isolation of HLJ strain enriched the epidemiological database of EMCV.
