AIM: To investigate the association of lysyl oxidaselike 1(LOXL1) single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)with exfoliation syndrome(XFS)/exfoliation glaucoma(XFG).METHODS: Published manuscripts from Pub Med and EMBASE were identified until May 2014. Summary odds ratios(ORs) and 95% confidence intervals(CIs) for LOXL1(rs1048661, rs2165241 and rs3825942) polymorphisms and the risk of XFS/XFG were estimated using random-or fixed- effect model.· RESULTS: The three LOXL1 polymorphisms(rs1048661, rs3825942, and rs2165241) were associated with an increased risk for XFS/XFG among Caucasians,with OR 2.19(1.96-2.45), 8.8(6.05-12.79) and 3.41(3.11-3.73), respectively. On the contrast, the rs1048661 and rs2165241, but not rs3825942 polymorphism, have a potential protective effect on XFS/XFG in Asians, with OR0.06(0.02-0.18), 0.15(0.09-0.25), respectively.CONCLUSION: There is strong evidence that LOXL1 polymorphisms are associated with XFS/XFG risk. The strength of risk might be ethnicity-dependent.
Objective： To investigate the effect and the potential mechanism of Senegenin （Sen） against injury induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation （H/R） in highly differentiated PC12 cells. Methods： The cultured PC12 cells were treated with H/R in the presence or absence of Sen （60 μmol/L）. Four groups were included in the experiment： control group, H/R group, H/R＋Sen group and Sen group. Cell viability of each group and the level of lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） in culture medium were detected for the pharmacological effect of Sen. Hoechst 33258 staining and annexin V/propidium iodide double staining were used to analyze the apoptosis rate. Moreover, mitochondrial membrane potential （△ψm）, reactive oxygen species （ROS） and intracellular free calcium （[Ca2＋]i） were measured by fluorescent staining and flow cytometry. Cleaved caspase-3 and activity of NADPH oxidase （NOX） were determined by colorimetric protease assay and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Results： Sen significantly elevated cell viability （P〈0.05）, decreased the leakage of LDH （P〈0.05） and apoptosis rate （P〈0.05） in H/R-injured PC12 cells. Sen maintained the value of △ψm （P〈0.05） and suppressed the activity of caspase-3 （P〈0.05）. Moreover, Sen reduced ROS accumulation （P〈0.05） and [Ca2＋]i increment （P〈0.05） by inhibiting the activity of NOX （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Sen may exert cytoprotection against H/R injury by decreasing the levels of intracellular ROS and [Ca2＊]~, thereby suppressing the mitochondrial pathway of cellular apoptosis.
AIM: To investigate the protective effect and its mechanism of lycium barbarum polysaccharides(LBP)against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in human retinal pigment epithelial cells.METHODS: ARPE-19 cells, a human retinal pigment epithelial cell lines, were exposed to different concentrations of H2O2 for 24h, then cell viability was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8) assay to get the properly concentration of H2O2 which can induce half apoptosis of APRE-19. With different concentrations of LBP pretreatment, the ARPE-19 cells were then exposed to appropriate concentration of H2O2, cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometric analysis. Expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were measured by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) technique.RSULTS: LBP significantly reduced the H2O2-induced ARPE-19 cells’ apoptosis. LBP inhibited the H2O2-induced down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax.CONCLUSION: LBP could protect ARPE-19 cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis. The Bcl-2 family had relationship with the protective effects of LBP.
Lian LiuWei LaoQing-Shan JiZhi-Hao YangGuo-Cheng YuJing-Xiang Zhong
Progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells （RGCs） and their axons is the main pathogenesis of glaucoma. The cause of glaucoma is not fully understood, but the neurodegeneration of glaucoma involves many mechanisms such as oxidative stress, glutamate toxicity and ischemia/ reperfusion insult. In order to target these mechanisms, multiple neuroprotective interventions have been investigated to prevent the death of RGCs. Of note are some tonic herbs from the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） pharmacopeia that have shown neuroprotective effects in glaucoma. TCM differs from Western medicine in that TCM exhibits complicated bioactive com- ponents, triggering many signaling pathways and extensive actions on vital organs. Modern scientific approaches have demonstrated some of their underlying mechanisms. In this review, we used Lycium barbarum and Ginkgo biloba as examples to elaborate the characteristics of TCM and their potential applications in neuroprotection in glaucoma.
Xue-song MiJing-xiang ZhongRaymond Chuen-Chung ChangKwok-Fai So
