The emergence of massive ultra-reliable and low latency communications (mURLLC) as a category of age/time/reliability-sensitive service over 6G wireless networks has received considerable research attention, which has presented unprecedented challenges. As one of the key enablers for 6G,satellite-terrestrial integrated networks (STIN) have been developed to offer more expansive connectivity and comprehensive 3D coverage in space-aerial-terrestrial domains for supporting 6G mission-critical mURLLC applications while fulfilling diverse and rigorous quality of service (QoS) requirements. In the context of these mURLLC-driven satellite services, data freshness assumes paramount importance, as outdated data may engender unpredictable or catastrophic outcomes.To effectively measure data freshness in satellite-terrestrial integrated communications,age of information(AoI)has recently surfaced as a new dimension of QoS metric to support time-sensitive applications. It is crucial to design new analytical models that ensure stringent and diverse QoS metrics bounded by different key parameters,including AoI,delay,and reliability,over 6G satellite-terrestrial integrated networks. However,due to the complicated and dynamic nature of satellite-terrestrial integrated network environments, the research on efficiently defining new statistical QoS provisioning schemes while taking into account varying degrees of freedom has still been in their infancy. To remedy these deficiencies, in this paper we develop statistical QoS provisioning schemes over 6G satellite-terrestrial integrated networks in the finite blocklength regime. Particularly, we firstly introduce and review key technologies for supporting mURLLC.Secondly,we formulate a number of novel fundamental statistical-QoS metrics in the finite blocklength regime.Finally,we conduct a set of simulations to validate and evaluate our developed statistical QoS provisioning schemes over satellite-terrestrial integrated networks.
The study of parental food provisioning is essential for understanding the breeding ecology of birds.We conducted the first study using accelerometry to detect food provisioning in birds,using Support Vector Machine(SVM)models to identify when adults feed chicks of three different age classes.Accelerometers were attached to the head of adult female Imperial Shags(Leucocarbo atriceps),and various attributes derived from the acceleration signals were used to train SVM models for each chick age class.Model performance improved with chick age class,with SVM models achieving high overall accuracy(>88%)and highest sensitivity in older chick categories(>91%).However,precision values,especially for younger chicks,remained relatively low(between 26%and 45%).The application of a time filter based on the minimum duration of the observed food provisioning behaviours for each chick age category,improved model performance by reducing false provisioning behaviours,particularly in the model for older chicks,which showed the highest precision(72.4%).This study highlights the effectiveness of accelerometry and machine learning in studying parental food provisioning in birds,providing a rapid and accurate data collection method to complement traditional techniques.The described methodology can be applied to any bird species that exhibits distinctive movements while feeding its offspring and has suitable characteristics for attaching an accelerometer to the body part that best captures this movement.Finally,it is hoped that the results of this study will contribute to future research on key questions in parental investment theory and reproductive strategies in birds.
Monserrat Del CañoFlavio QuintanaGiacomo Dell’OmoAgustina Gomez-Laich
目的探讨品管圈(quality control circle,QCC)活动对手术室术前高值耗材配备准确率影响分析。方法选取2022年1月—2024年1月皖南医学院第二附属医院手术室46名医护人员为研究对象,2023年1月在手术室术前高值耗材管理工作中应用QCC活动,2022年1—12月为实施前,采用常规器械管理;2023年1月—2024年1月为实施后,采用QCC活动。术前抽检100件高值耗材数据资料,对比QCC活动实施前、后手术室术前高值耗材管理与使用情况,并对比医护人员的管理满意度。结果QCC活动实施后,手术室术前高值耗材申领时间、盘点时间以及耗材损耗率均低于实施前,手术室术前高值耗材配备准确率均高于实施前,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。实施后医护人员对高值耗材配备管理的总满意率为95.65%(44/46)高于实施前的82.61%(38/46),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.039,P<0.05)。结论手术室术前高值耗材配备中应用QCC活动能有效缩短耗材准备及清点时间,提高耗材配备准确率并避免耗材浪费,医护人员满意度更高。
揭示食物供给服务流的时空特征及影响因素是保证粮食安全、确保该服务持续供给的必要前提和重要依据。以苹果供给服务为例,首先构建了研究理论框架,随后采用空间自相关、地理探测器等方法分析了客商、企业、电商3类主体作用下苹果供给服务流(apple provision service flow,APEF)的时空特征及影响因素。结果表明:①APEF时间上呈季节式变化,秋季流量最高,夏季最少,受节假日影响“波峰”型态势明显,不同主体差异较大;②空间上呈“喇叭”状多核心分布,主要流向为华东、华南、西南地区,其中客商呈“南—北”走向的放射状,企业呈“三核三线”状,电商呈“多核心串珠状”;③APEF的主要影响因素包括苹果产量、经济发展和消费水平。研究结论可为解决生态系统服务供需时空错配及科学管理提供理论参考。
Altricial birds often display biased preferences in providing parental care for their dependent offspring,especially during food shortages.During this process,such inflexible rules may result in provisioning errors.To demonstrate how parents optimize their provisioning strategies,we proposed a“diagnosis model”of parental care to posit that parents will undergo a diagnosis procedure to test whether selecting against some particular offspring based on phenotype is an optimal strategy.We tested this model in an asynchronous hatching bird,the Azure-winged Magpie Cyanopica cyanus,based on 10 years of data about demography and parental provisioning behaviors.Given their higher daily survival rates,core offspring(those hatched on the first day)merits an investment priority compared with their marginal brood mates(those hatched on later days).However,a marginal offspring also merited a priority if it displayed greater weight gain than the expected value at the early post-hatching days.Parents could detect such a marginal offspring via a diagnosis strategy,in which they provisioned the brood at the diagnosis stage by delivering food to every nestling that begged,then biased food toward high-value nestlings at the subsequent decision stage by making a negative response to the begging of low-value nestlings.In this provisioning strategy,the growth performance of a nestling became a more reliable indicator of its investment value than its hatching order or competitive ability.Our findings provide evidence for this“diagnosis model of parental care”wherein parents use a diagnosis method to optimize their provisioning strategy in brood reduction.
Zhen-Qin ZhuShu-Mei ZiLi-Fang GaoXiao-Dan ZhangFang-Yuan LiuQian WangBo Du
【背景】肠道菌群与宿主的消化吸收、免疫抵抗和行为等息息相关,并受宿主的饮食、生活环境等因素影响。【目的】人工辅助投食能增加野生动物的营养摄入,但对其肠道菌群影响的研究较少。【方法】以云南白马雪山国家级自然保护区内的野生和人工辅助投食滇金丝猴群的新鲜粪便为材料,通过高通量测序探究人工辅助投食对猴群肠道菌群的影响。【结果】人工辅助投食的猴群肠道菌群丰富度、均匀度及谱系多样性更高,并且个体间群落组成差异更小。通过多级物种差异判别分析(linear discriminant analysis effect size,LEfSe)分析发现,人工辅助投食对20种不同分类水平的细菌相对丰度有影响,包括提升了厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)等8种类群的相对丰度,降低了变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)等12种类群的相对丰度。通过构建微生物相关网络发现,野生猴群肠道菌群网络结构更加复杂,鲁棒性更高。京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)功能预测结果表明,人工辅助投食降低了猴群肠道菌群降解代谢功能,这可能与投食增加了易降解的高营养物质摄入比例有关。【结论】本研究揭示了人工辅助投食对滇金丝猴肠道菌群的作用是多方位的,菌群的多样性、群落组成、相关网络结构等均需纳入探究范畴。
