目的探究经皮冠状动脉介入术(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)患者健康跨期决策偏好与金钱跨期决策偏好的相关性,并进一步分析其健康跨期决策偏好特征对心血管健康行为的影响。方法选取2021年9月~2022年3月哈尔滨市某三级甲等医院心内科232例PCI患者为研究对象,采用不同损失情境下的金钱和健康跨期选择任务问卷,分别调查患者在面对金钱和健康损失情景(面对未来可能出现的心脏不良事件进行的戒烟、合理膳食和规律运动的选择)时的跨期决策折扣率,分析健康跨期决策偏好与金钱跨期决策偏好的相关性;同时应用心血管健康评分(cardiovascular health score,CHS)对其健康行为进行评价,采用Logistic回归分析跨期决策偏好对CHS的影响。结果PCI患者的健康跨期决策(戒烟、合理膳食和规律运动)折扣率与金钱跨期决策折扣率之间存在相关性(r=0.246,0.301,0.262,P均<0.05)。单因素结果显示,患者文化程度、金钱跨期决策折扣率和健康跨期决策折扣率影响CHS(P<0.05);进一步Logistic回归分析显示,健康跨期决策折扣率影响CHS(P<0.05)。结论PCI患者健康跨期决策偏好与金钱跨期决策偏好具有相关性,能够反映出个体的跨期决策偏好;健康跨期决策偏好是心血管健康行为的独立影响因素。
大学生存在跨期决策近期偏好,容易产生超前消费行为。本文采用经典选择任务范式,探讨图形框架如何助推大学生跨期决策,并进一步探讨认知负荷对框架效应的影响机制。结果发现:1) 图形框架有效助推跨期决策。突出时间时,大学生倾向于即时满足;突出金钱时,倾向于延迟满足。2) 认知负荷不直接影响框架效应,高、低认知负荷的大学生均表现出显著的图形框架效应。3) 认知负荷通过削弱分析系统影响框架效应。使用分析系统进行信息加工时,低认知负荷的大学生倾向于延迟满足,高认知负荷的大学生使用启发式策略,其决策受图形框架影响。结论:图形框架可以有效助推跨期决策,且繁杂信息一般不会对其产生影响,与双加工理论的默认干预模型一致。College students exhibit a preference for near-term outcomes in intertemporal decision-making, which often leads to impulsive consumption behavior. Employing the classical choice task paradigm, commonly used in psychology, we explore how graphical frames influence college students’ intertemporal decision-making and further delve into the mechanism by which cognitive load affects the framework effect. Our findings reveal: 1) Graphical frames effectively influence intertemporal choices. When time is emphasized, students tend towards immediate gratification;conversely, when money is highlighted, they prefer delayed gratification. 2) Both high and low cognitive load college students exhibit significant graphical frame effects. 3) Cognitive load influences the framework effect by weakening the analytical system. Specifically, when using the analytical system to process information, college students with low cognitive load tend to delay gratification, whereas those with high cognitive load rely on heuristic strategies, and their decisions are influenced by the graphical frames. In conclusion, graphical frames can effectively facilitate intertemporal decision-making, and com
