女性压力性尿失禁是一种由腹压突然增加引发尿液不自主流出的常见疾病,降低女性生活质量及导致社交障碍。随着我国人口老龄化,SUI的患病率逐年上升,其发生机制主要与盆底支持结构功能的减弱和尿道括约肌的退化密切相关。本文系统综述了影响女性SUI的主要危险因素,包括年龄增长和激素水平变化、妊娠与分娩方式、肥胖与体质指数升高、慢性疾病(如糖尿病、高血压、慢性咳嗽)以及盆腔脏器脱垂(Pelvic Organ Prolapse, POP)。本文通过综述分析SUI的相关危险因素,为个性化干预、疾病筛查及综合管理提供科学依据。Female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common disorder of involuntary urine outflow triggered by a sudden increase in abdominal pressure, which reduces women’s quality of life and leads to social barriers. With the aging of China’s population, the prevalence of SUI has been increasing year by year, and its occurrence mechanism is mainly closely related to the weakening of the pelvic floor support structures and the deterioration of the urethral sphincter. In this paper, we systematically review the major risk factors affecting SUI in women, including aging and hormone level changes, pregnancy and delivery mode, obesity and elevated body mass index, chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic cough), and pelvic organ prolapse (POP). This article reviews and analyzes the risk factors associated with SUI to provide a scientific basis for personalized intervention, disease screening, and comprehensive management.
